Choline, Phospholipids, and Brain Health
Choline is an essential nutrient required for acetylcholine synthesis, phosphatidylcholine membrane integrity, and one-carbon methylation alongside folate and B12. Phospholipid-form DHA from fish and krill oil crosses the blood-brain barrier more efficiently than triglyceride-form. Gut bacterial metabolism of choline produces TMAO, with potential cardiovascular implications that vary dramatically by microbiome composition.
Viewpoints

The Phospholipid Brain-DHA Advantage
Rhonda Patrick
“Phospholipid-form DHA from fish and krill is preferentially transported into the brain via the Mfsd2a receptor at the blood-brain barrier — a pathway that triglyceride-form DHA in standard fish oil does not use as efficiently.”

Dr. Eran Elinav on Microbiome Insights into Personalized Response to Diet, Obesity & More
Eran Elinav
“TMAO produced from choline and carnitine by gut bacteria varies dramatically between individuals based on microbiome composition — meaning cardiovascular risk from dietary choline is highly personalized, not fixed by intake alone.”
Key Moments

Low-Carb Lemon Tart Dessert (High Citrate & Choline)
Rhonda Patrick
“Choline from egg yolks supports acetylcholine synthesis, phosphatidylcholine membrane integrity, and serves as a methyl donor in one-carbon metabolism — essential roles that make it one of the most underappreciated nutrients for brain and liver health.”

The Phospholipid Brain-DHA Advantage
Rhonda Patrick
“The phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine forms of DHA in marine sources are more bioavailable to the brain than triglyceride DHA, with important implications for brain development, cognitive function, and supplementation strategy.”
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Low-Carb Lemon Tart Dessert (High Citrate & Choline)
Rhonda Patrick
“otherwise known as mushed up brains, acetylcholine is produced from these two precursors. It's also been shown that citrate in the brain is a source of acetal COA that is also used for acetylcholine synthesis. If you're reading between the lines, you may have”

Low-Carb Lemon Tart Dessert (High Citrate & Choline)
Rhonda Patrick
“of compounds including flavonoids, citrate, and choline, which have positive health benefits. And if taken with a grain of salt, may improve learning and memory, too. But if nothing else, it's a tasty treat that I happen to like, and I hope you do, too. I'm Dr”

Dr. Eran Elinav on Microbiome Insights into Personalized Response to Diet, Obesity, and Leaky Gut
Rhonda Patrick
“…alking about a connection between dietary compounds such as choline and carnitine, which are digested by the microbes into a compound called TMA, which then influxes into the host and is further converted by the host...by the liver of the host into TMAO, and t”

How to Personalize Your Nutrition Based On Genetics (Revised 3/19/15)
Rhonda Patrick
“…this polymorphism have to increase their dietary intake of choline egg yolk is a great source of choline let's move on to apoe there are a series of polymorphisms that make four different forms of apoe which encodes A lipoprotein that's made in the liver whic”

The Phospholipid Brain-DHA Advantage
Rhonda Patrick
“…l is because krill oil is a great source of DHA phosphatidylcholine the preferred source of DHA for the brain additionally krill oil comes with an added bonus of having astaxanthin a carotenoid that seems to play a role in fighting off diseases of Aging one la”

Dr. Ronald Krauss on LDL Cholesterol, Particle Size, Heart Disease & Atherogenic Dyslipidemia
Rhonda Patrick
“…ds, cholesterol, as well as other lipids, triglycerides and phospholipids into this spherical particle that also has proteins, and so it's a combination of lipids and proteins, and that's how we get the term lipoproteins, lipids and proteins complex together,”

The Phospholipid Brain-DHA Advantage
Rhonda Patrick
“phosphatidylcholine phosphatidyl serine and phosphatidyl ethanolamine a fat soluble diacylglycerol and a water soluble phosphate group that's attached to an organic molecule such as choline or Syrian or ethanol amine what's important to understand is that the”

This Supplement Could Cut Your Dementia Risk By 40%
Rhonda Patrick
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